The Study Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among the Bacterial Isolated Hospital Environment (AZZAHRA Hospital–Isfahan-Iran)
Shilla Jalalpoor Teacher of Microbiology,
Islamic Azad University Shahreza Branch,
Membership of Young Researchers Club.
Islamic Republic of Iran
Abstract:
Background and objectives:
Environmental surfaces carry the least risk of disease transmission and can be safely decontaminated using less rigorous methods than those used on medical instruments and devices. Microbiologically contaminated surfaces can serve as reservoirs of potential pathogens. The surface would be considered one of a number of potential reservoirs for the pathogen, but not the de facto source of exposure.
Antibiotic resistance is the ability of a micro-organism to withstand the effects of an antibiotic. It is a specific type of drug resistance. Antibiotic resistance evolves naturally via natural selection through random mutation, but it could also be engineered. can also cause mutation via a process known as programmed evolution. Once such a gene is generated, bacteria can then transfer the genetic information in a horizontal fashion (between individuals) by plasmid exchange. If a bacterium carries several resistance genes, it is called multiresistant or, informally, a superbug. Resistance costs money, livelihoods and lives and threatens to undermine the effectiveness of health delivery programmes. Subject of this study was survey and comparative frequency of antibiotic resistant bacterial in isolated Bacteria from hospital surfaces.
Material and Methods:
The research was performed with laboratory method during 2005-2007 years in Esfahan. Overall study 194 from hospital surface. Environmental samples collected, with swab in Nutrient Broth (NB). Bacterial identification was performed with Bacteriological methods, and Antibiotic susceptibility was performed according to antibiotic susceptibility standard disc diffusion agar.
Results:
According to result, Staphylococcus spp. 105 (53.7%), Bacillus spp. 74 (24%) Enterobacteriaceae 21 (10.7%) consist of isolated bacteria. According to antibiogram pattern 20%, 70%, 72%, 40%, 85%, 55%, 60%, 92%, 78% of Staphylococcus sp. and 31%, 60%, 55%, 71%, 50%, 72%, 85%, 91%, 95% of Bacillus sp. and 25%, 73%, 6%, 75%, 65%, 50%, 64%, 15%, 95% of Enterobacteriaceae was sensitive to penicillin, cephotaxime, clindamycin, co-trimoxazol, ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, vancomycin and gentamicin.
Conclusion:
Result show high frequence of antibiotic resistant strains on hospital surfaces. Antibiotic resistance is a consequence of evolution via natural selection or programmed evolution. The antibiotic action is an environmental pressure; those bacteria which have a mutation allowing them to survive will live on to reproduce. They will then pass this trait to their offspring, which will be a fully resistant generation.
Several studies have demonstrated that patterns of antibiotic usage greatly affect the number of resistant organisms which develop. Approximately one third of nosocomial infections (and antibiotic resistant nosocomial infection) are preventable. Cleaning is the necessary first step of any sterilization or disinfection process. Cleaning is removing organic matter, salts, and visible soils, all of which interfere with microbial inactivation.
